Comparison of Innovation in the Electronic Banking Services of the Largest Slovak Banks

At the time of digitization, the requirements of consumers are constantly increasing. Systematization of scientific sources and approaches and implemented surveys prove that new requirements impact the development of electronic innovations, which have also appeared in the banking sector. The digitization of provided banking services also represents innovations focusing on creating environmentally friendly innovations. Moreover, electronic banking has been used by clients of commercial banks for several years, as it represents easy access to finance, their overview, and other e-banking advantages. The opportunity to use the home environment is irreplaceable for many people. Wasting paper while providing banking operations in a brick-and-mortar branch or spending valuable time standing in a crowd of the bank's clients is an unacceptable idea for many people, especially in the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper compares the electronic banking services of the three largest Slovak banks using the Kano model. The Kano model, through 5 categories of perceived quality by customers, expresses the relationship between their degree of satisfaction and quality attributes. These categories include one-dimensional, attractive, mandatory, reverse, and indifferent attributes of products creating quality. The individual categories of perceived quality change in accordance with the life cycle. They pass from indifferent through attractive, one-dimensional to the category of mandatory quality attributes. This paper focuses on selected types of provided services and innovations in electronic banking, drawing attention to the perception of risk by Slovak bank clients. The authors pointed out the differences among the services offered in individual banks provided within the portfolio of their services and the identification of customer requirements. The findings showed that the customers have not largely mastered the innovations, but they are nevertheless very important from the future perspective. The results of the research could be useful for bank managers to find the best way how to approach clients who approach innovations in banking with distrust and reluctance to adopt them.

Logistics, eco-innovations and pandemic

The paper presents results of the evaluation of the development of eco-innovations in Slovakia in relation to GDP and the current situation in terms of logistics and COVID-19 pandemic. The issue is based on the analyses of overall eco-innovation index of the Slovak Republic in relation to GDP growth of Slovakia. The calculation regards the current state of logistics during the pandemic where GDP belongs to the main elements associated with effective eco-innovation supporting. The correlation and regression analysis are used to examine the degree of interdependence between economic growth and total eco-innovation index. The results from applied regression and correlation analysis of total eco-innovation index and GDP point to the fact that GDP belongs to key factors enabling effective eco-innovation supporting. © Acta Logistica.